Revision Notes

Motivation

Practical: how would you be motivated at work? Money? Leadership style? Working conditions? Responsibility? Promotion?
Taylor: Scientific Management. His work lead to work and method study. According to Taylor, productivity may be improved through pay, better organisation, tooling and training.
Content theories: concentrate on the needs of the employee. The employee is not a machine. Look at individual and group needs.
Mayo: Human Relations School. Hawthorne Studies - lighting experiment. Concluded: workers work better when they have attention paid to them. Thus motivate through involvement.
Maslow: Human relations: hierarchy of needs: Basic; Safety; Social; Ego; Self-actualisation. (Think: relate these to work - how does work satisfy each level?)
Herzberg: Human Relations School; motivate: praise, achievement, recognition, promotion. Demotivate: status, pay, working conditions, supervision, company policy. Difficult point: money demotiivates i.e. without enough pay the employee will not work normally. With more pay he/she will but no harder.
Process theories: look at the thinking behind decisions made by employees.
Vroom: Expectancy Theory: motivate people according to the attractiveness of the outcome and the likelihood of achieving that outcome. You will work hard at your job if you think this will get you promotion - and if you actually want that promotion.
Motivation is affected by the leadership style: autocratic (one-way communication. No delegation) and democratic (participatory, delegates, consults). McGregor's theory X and Y describes these two styles. They Y = democratic. X = autocratic.
Link to external environment: legislation on minimum wage also Budget treatment of share options, executive perks, share ownership schemes…

Revision Notes

Motivation

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